A Celtic Calendar
Below is a PDF featuring my derivative of the Celtic Calendar found at Coligny in France in 1897. For a good article on the Coligny Calendar, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coligny_calendar . And here’s a very interesting page on the Coligny Calendar from Caer Australis – https://caeraustralis.com.au/celtcalmain.htm . The first page of the PDF explains the structure ofContinue reading “A Celtic Calendar”
The Word for “Sister” in Proto-Celtic and Proto-Germanic
The following table shows my reconstructions of some of the forms of the declension of the word for “sister” in Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Celtic and Proto-Germanic. I have included only the nominative, accusative, genitive and dative forms (singular and plural). Proto-Indo-European Proto-Celtic Proto-Germanic ns swesōr swesūr > sweūr swezōr > swestēr as swesorṃ swesoran > sweoranContinue reading “The Word for “Sister” in Proto-Celtic and Proto-Germanic”
On Proto-Celtic -akos
As I’ve mentioned a number of times in previous posts, I use Wiktionary extensively in the course of my etymological research. I recognize Wiktionary as a most valuable resource for finding reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Celtic and Proto-Germanic words. But I am often annoyed at the many instances of erroneous information presented in these reconstructions, someContinue reading “On Proto-Celtic -akos”
Illyrians and Albanians
In my post called “The Movements and Expansions of Indo-European Language Groups” – https://vellaunos.ca/2021/03/24/the-movements-and-expansions-of-indo-european-language-groups/ , I suggested that there was an Italo-Illyric group of languages that included the Italic languages (such as Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, etc.) and the Illyrian languages. I have since developed the view that the Illyrian languages were not only not closelyContinue reading “Illyrians and Albanians”
Samain and Samonios
Much confusion reigns regarding the origin of the name of the day called Samhain (traditionally November 1st) in Irish. The Irish name Samhain comes from the Old Irish Samain, which in turn would have developed from Proto-Celtic *Samanis, which in turn reflects a possible Proto-Indo-European *Som-h2nis, this being an o-grade derivative of *sem– ‘single’. GermanicContinue reading “Samain and Samonios”
The Non-Indo-European Hittites
Wherever the Hittites and their Anatolian relations are discussed, the claim that they were Indo-European peoples is always stated quite matter-of-factly. This claim is based exclusively on the fact that the Anatolian languages had some vocabulary and grammatical forms which were evidently related to Proto-Indo-European in some way. But apart from this apparent Indo-European componentContinue reading “The Non-Indo-European Hittites”
The Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European h1ensus / h1onsus and h1onsuros
Proto-Indo-European *h1ensus / *h1onsus (i.e. *hensus / *honsus) Proto-Indo-European *h1onsu-ros (i.e.*honsu-ros) Sanskrit asu ‘life, vigor, vital force, breath’ Sanskrit asura ‘supernatural’ [The Asuras were originally primordial forces of Nature in Vedic mythology, not unlike the Titans of Greek mythology, but generally tended to be regarded as evil in later Hindu mythology in opposition to theContinue reading “The Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European h1ensus / h1onsus and h1onsuros”
A Cladogram of Simiinae
Below is a cladogram of the Primate subfamily which is currently called Homininae but which I prefer to call Simiinae. See my previous post relating to that: https://vellaunos.ca/2021/10/11/replacing-the-homin-stem-in-primate-taxonomy/ The cladogram attempts to show the evolutionary relationships between gorillas (genus Gorilla), chimpanzees and bonobos (genus Pan), and human beings (genus Homo). It also suggests approximate timesContinue reading “A Cladogram of Simiinae”
Replacing the Homin- Stem in Primate Taxonomy
Before the 1990’s, human beings and the great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans) were usually classified in two separate taxonomic families: Hominidae and Pongidae (respectively). But as the very close genetic relationship between human beings and the great apes became apparent, it was generally agreed that they should all be classified in one singleContinue reading “Replacing the Homin- Stem in Primate Taxonomy”
About the Genitive Singular Ending in PIE
Current reconstructions of the nominal declension of Proto-Indo-European usually have *-es as the ending of the genitive singular of consonant stems. I contend that this ending was actually *-os. As far as I can tell, there are two reasons why linguistic experts mistakenly believe that the genitive singular ending of consonant stems in PIE wasContinue reading “About the Genitive Singular Ending in PIE”
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